There’s an interesting musicological study of the links between Gershwin and the Second Viennese School, “Reflections upon the Gershwin-Berg Connection,” by Allen Forte, in Musical Quarterly 83 (1999):150-68. Given the extent of Gershwin’s admiration for them and the closeness of his personal friendship with Schoenberg in particular, it would be surprising if their music hadn’t influenced his in some respects.
As for the absence of Webern, we must remember that Gershwin died in 1937. At that time Webern was still very much in the shadow of the other two; he hadn’t ever done anything to attract as much attention as Verklärte Nacht, Pierrot Lunaire, or Wozzeck. His music didn’t really come to prominence until the 1950s.
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